---
title: "Ruby 3 adds new method Hash#except"
description: "Ruby 3 adds new method except to Hash class"
canonical_url: "https://www.bigbinary.com/blog/ruby-3-adds-new-method-hash-except"
markdown_url: "https://www.bigbinary.com/blog/ruby-3-adds-new-method-hash-except.md"
---

# Ruby 3 adds new method Hash#except

Ruby 3 adds new method except to Hash class

- Author: Akhil Gautam
- Published: November 11, 2020
- Categories: Ruby, Ruby 3

Ruby 3 adds a new method, `except`, to the Hash class. `Hash#except` returns a
hash excluding the given keys and their values.

### Why do we need Hash#except?

At times, we need to print or log everything except some sensitive data. Let's
say we want to print user details in the logs but not passwords.

Before Ruby 3 we could have achieved it in the following ways:

```ruby

irb(main):001:0> user_details = { name: 'Akhil', age: 25, address: 'India', password: 'T:%g6R' }

# 1. Reject with a block and include?
irb(main):003:0> puts user_details.reject { |key, _| key == :password }
=> { name: 'Akhil', age: 25, address: 'India' }

# 2. Clone the hash with dup, tap into it and delete that key/value from the clone
irb(main):005:0> puts user_details.dup.tap { |hash| hash.delete(:password) }
=> { name: 'Akhil', age: 25, address: 'India' }

```

We know that ActiveSupport already comes with `Hash#except` but for a simple
Ruby application using ActiveSupport would be overkill.

### Ruby 3

To make the above task easier and more explicit, Ruby 3 adds `Hash#except` to
return a hash excluding the given keys and their values:

```ruby

irb(main):001:0> user_details = { name: 'Akhil', age: 25, address: 'India', password: 'T:%g6R' }
irb(main):002:0> puts user_details.except(:password)
=> { name: 'Akhil', age: 25, address: 'India' }

irb(main):003:0> db_info = YAML.safe_load(File.read('./database.yml'))
irb(main):004:0> puts db_info.except(:username, :password)
=> { port: 5432, database_name: 'example_db_production' }

```

Check out the
[commit](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/commit/82ca8c73034b0a522fd2970ea39edfcd801955fe)
for more details. Discussion around it can be found
[here](https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15822).

## Links

- [Human page](https://www.bigbinary.com/blog/ruby-3-adds-new-method-hash-except)